CO2 dissolves in blood to form weak acid, lowering pH of blood and tissue fluid, affect metabolic rate and enzymatic activity
Factors:
Voluntary/involuntary
Ventilation rate= berathing rate* tidal volume
Respiratory center in medulla oblongata connects
nerve impulses --> respiratory muscles --> contract
When ph too low, chemoreceptors in carotid bodies, aortic bodies and repiratory centre are stimulated and send nerce impulses to the respiratory centre in medulla oblongata. more nerve impulses to intercostal muscles and diaphragm muscles , contract more frequently and forcefully. rate and depth increase
conc. CO2
BP
movement of limbs --> stretch receptors
--> cardiovascular centre in medulla --> SA node
sympathetic nerve: stimulate
vagus nerve: inhibit
adreanal glands: secrete adrenaline in blood to stimulate SA node and cardiac muscle contract more forcefully and frequently